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Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" Kennedy Onassis (née Bouvier, pronounced ) (July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States during his presidency from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Five years later, she married Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis; they remained married until his death in 1975. Jacqueline was the elder daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III and socialite Janet Norton Lee, who divorced in 1940. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature at George Washington University and went on to work for the ''Washington Times-Herald'' as an Inquiring Photographer. In 1952, Jacqueline met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party. Shortly after, he was elected to the United States Senate and the couple married the following year. They had four children, two of whom died in infancy. As First Lady, she aided her husband's administration with her presence in social events and with her highly publicized restoration of the White House. On November 22, 1963, she was riding with her husband in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. She and her children withdrew from public view after his funeral, and she remarried in 1968. For the final two decades of her life, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis had a career as a book editor. She is remembered for her contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture, as well as for her style, elegance, and grace.〔Hall, Mimi. ("Jackie Kennedy Onassis: America's Quintessential Icon of Style and Grace' ). ''USA Today''. Retrieved February 13, 2011.〕〔(Circa 1961: The Kennedy White House Interior ) by Elaine Rice Bachmann. Quote: "The prescience of her words is remarkable given the influence she ultimately had on fashion, interior decoration, and architectural preservation from the early 1960s until her death in 1994. A disappointing visit to the Executive Mansion when she was 11 left a deep impression, one she immediately acted upon when she knew she was to become first lady..." Retrieved February 13, 2011.〕 She was a fashion icon; her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit and matching pillbox hat has become symbolic of her husband's assassination and one of the lasting images of the 1960s. She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallup's list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th century America.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gallup Most Admired Women, 1948–1998 )〕 == Background and childhood == Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28, 1929 in Southampton, New York〔 to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou "Black Jack" Bouvier III (1891–1957) and Janet Norton Lee (1907–1989), at Southampton Hospital. Jacqueline was baptized at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan.〔Spoto, p. 22.〕 Her younger sister, Caroline Lee (1933–), known as Lee, was born four years later. The Bouviers divorced in 1940; in 1942, Janet married Standard Oil heir Hugh Dudley Auchincloss, Jr. and had two more children: Janet Jennings Auchincloss (1945–1985) and James Lee Auchincloss (born 1947).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0309/23/lkl.00.html )〕 Jacqueline's mother had Irish ancestry 〔Pottker, p.7.〕 and her father's ancestry included French, Scottish, and English. Her maternal great-grandfather emigrated from Cork, Ireland, and later became the Superintendent of the New York City Public Schools. Michel Bouvier, Jacqueline's patrilineal great-great-grandfather, was born in France and was a contemporary of Joseph Bonaparte and Stephen Girard. He was a Philadelphia-based cabinetmaker, carpenter, merchant, and real estate speculator.〔Pottker, p. 9.〕 Michel's wife, Louise Vernou, was the daughter of French émigré tobacconist John Vernou and English-born Elizabeth Clifford Lindsay. Michel and Louise's sons included John Vernou Bouvier, Sr. and Michel Charles Bouvier. Jacqueline's paternal grandfather John Vernou Bouvier, Jr. fabricated a more noble ancestry for his family in his vanity family history book, ''Our Forebears.'' Recent scholarship and the research done by her cousin John Hagy Davis in his book, ''The Bouviers: Portrait of an American Family,'' have disproved most of these fantasy lineages. Jacqueline spent her early years in Manhattan and East Hampton on Long Island, at the Bouvier family estate, "Lasata." Following their parents' divorce, the Bouvier sisters divided their time between their mother's homes in McLean, Virginia and Newport, Rhode Island, and their father's homes in New York City at 125 East 74th Street〔 and Long Island.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jacqueline Kennedy in the White House )〕 She attended the Chapin School in New York City for first through sixth grade. Her paternal grandfather covered the expenses of the school, which were substantial, especially in light of the annual income earned by many Americans during the Great Depression.〔Spoto, p.28.〕 Her paternal grandfather, who she affectionately called "Grampy Jack", often recited poems to her and his other grandchildren. Her sister Lee would later say that she would not have gained her "independence and individuality" had it not been for the relationship she had with her father and paternal grandfather.〔Tracy, pp.9-10.〕 Janet Norton Lee remembered her daughter's intellectual ambition running ahead of her "chronological age" at the time she started attending Chapin School. Childhood friend Nancy Tuckerman also recalled Jacqueline's brightness but claimed she "held the distinction of being the naughtiest girl in the class" during what she called "the days when good manners and proper behaviors were key factors in our education."〔Pottker, pp.74-75.〕 It was commented that she had a "mysterious authority" as a teenager which "could compel people to do her bidding". She had a shyness with individuals which was less evident when she was in larger groups.〔 At a very early age, she became an enthusiastic equestrienne,〔〔 and horse-riding remained a lifelong passion. By age 2, Jacqueline was able to control her pony with confidence; whenever she fell off, she would instantly climb back on.〔Tracy, pp. 9–10.〕 Beginning in her youth, she was similar to her mother in her riding and athleticism as well as her reserve and temper, though her physical appearance was noted as being similar to her father. As he became more independent from the marriage, the Bouvier sisters began to spend more time with their mother. Her mother encouraged the pair's artistic traits, as they had been influenced by their paternal grandfather, who had rewarded them and his other grandchildren at his home for drawing pictures and composing poems.〔Pottker, pp. 74-75〕 In her youth, she took ballet lessons and though only having average talent, she never lost interest and read books on the subject with ease.〔Tracy, p.38.〕 Despite her skills, author and cousin John H. Davis wrote, she still had to endure the divorce of her parents and it was noticed by her relatives that following the divorce she had a "tendency to withdraw frequently into a private world of her own." The humiliation of having intimate details of her parents' lives publicized had taken its toll on ten-year-old Jacqueline. Janet married Hugh D. Auchincloss on June 21, 1942. Her daughters did not attend the ceremony because the wedding was arranged quickly and "because of wartime travel restrictions." Two days after the wedding, Auchincloss shipped out to work with British intelligence in Jamaica. Jacqueline's mother stayed with her daughters while he was away. After he returned, Jacqueline and Lee, along with Auchincloss's son Hugh Dudley "Yusha" Auchincloss III and later the couple's two children together, all lived at Auchincloss's Merrywood estate in McLean, Virginia. Merrywood would be Jacqueline's primary residence for the remainder of her teen years and Auchincloss's son, Yusha, became her closest step-sibling and one of her most trusted confidants.〔Tracy, p.17.〕 Jacqueline retained a relationship with her father, though spent considerable time with the Auchinclosses.〔 During high school, Jacqueline, who was a theater lover, wrote a musical which was produced by the drama club. Though she admitted to her stepbrother Yusha the desire to become an actress, she felt unwilling to pursue it due to the uncertainty of the career. She was able to impersonate her teachers during her education and entertained classmates by mimicking them. She was also able to learn languages with ease, in particular French due to her mother insisting she and her sister learn it and by making the language the only one which could be spoken at the dinner table.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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